Universitalia Editrice eBooks
eBooks editi da Universitalia Editrice con argomento Droga
Corruption, competitiveness and illicit drugs market. A quantitative analysis. E-book. Formato PDF Paolo Caserta - Universitalia Editrice, 2014 -
This work stems from a seemingly trivial observation that one of the researchers happened to make in the early 2000s: the two “rankings” published yearly by two highly credible, international, independent institutions (Transparency International and the World Economic Forum) respectively on the transparency and competitiveness of the countries, looked like two facets of the same reality, just slightly blurred. The top positions were always given to the same countries, in both charts and – more importantly – in the same order, with very few exceptions. Thus emerged the idea of further investigation to find, if any, a statistical correlation between the two parameters. The first attempts were made using the data of the years 2004-2005. Analyses were carried out at both global (world-wide) level and local (regional) level and the first results were very encouraging. This work was then restarted some years later, following the international financial crisis of late 2000s, and – surprisingly – the correlation index proved to be even higher. In addition, extending the investigation to the possible correlation between the transparency index and routes used by international organised crime for its illicit trafficking – in particular class A drugs – it has been possible to prove that an even higher correlation exists between the low value of the Transparency as measured yearly by Transparency International - i.e. the corruption of the Public Administrations - and the volume of this illicit International trafficking. The lack of transparency, i.e. the corruption of Governments and public administrations favours organised crime in all its activities, which, in turn, undermines dramatically the competitiveness of a country in the International markets.
Drug Laws in Europe: main features and comparisons. E-book. Formato PDF Elena Ventura - Universitalia Editrice, 2014 -
This book presents works conducted within the framework of the project “New methodological tools for policy and programme evaluation”, financed by the EU Commission DG Justice and coordinated by the Centre for Biostatistics and Bioinformatics of the University of Rome “Tor Vergata”. The book is divided into two parts and a guest contribution: part one is a comparison between the laws of most European countries regarding illegal drug use; part two is a more in depth comparison between Italian and Portuguese laws aimed at highlighting how apparently similar regulations are in fact quite different and have completely different outcomes. The guest contribution presents a comparison, conducted by Brendan Hughes, of penalties for trafficking in some legislations of EU countries based on data from the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. The study of the various laws that are applied in different countries has allowed us to identify their strengths and weaknesses and verify their effectiveness. This analysis, in fact, has demonstrated that some regulations are more efficient than others because they employ a comprehensive approach to the problem of illegal drug use and are not limited to only one aspect, such as sanctions or merely procedural aspects. The debate about drug policy is often represented as a polarized choice between two options, “prohibition” and “legalization”. The reality is that there are multiple options that are in no way reducible to a simple dichotomy between these two extremes. After having analysed advantages and disadvantages connected with each national legislation, we have attempted to identify the elements contained in the so-called best practices in order to propose a homogeneous legislative framework. The point of view is not ideological, and the choice is not between a right or wrong system, but is an analysis based on the laws and facts. To ascertain best practices, it is necessary to start analysing the positive results (the facts) of legislation.
Illicit drug market and its economic impact. E-book. Formato PDF Carla Rossi - Universitalia Editrice, 2014 -
The research report summarizes results of the Workstream 6 under the EU Project New methodological tools for policy and programme evaluation (JUST/2010/DPIP/AG/1410). The overall goal of the project was increased knowledge of illicit drug market from demand a supply side, behaviours of drug users, and of drug legislation in countries participating in the project, in order to produce effective global indicators to evaluate actions and policies of drug supply and drug demand reduction. The objectives of the Workstream 6 were to provide models to estimate the impact of the illicit drug market on the economy (in particular in relation to the GDP in terms of its size). Expected results under the Workstream 6 were (i) development of methodology for estimation of drug trade from the demand side, (ii) definition and (iii) identification of suitable indicators for the estimation of drug market with the possibility to include the drug trade into the system of national accounts as a part of illegal economy, (iv) data collection of available indicators and estimation of illicit drug market in project partners countries (Czech Republic, Italy, Portugal, Spain), (v) data collection of labelled public expenditure on drug policy (divided into prevention, harm reduction, treatment, law enforcement) and (vi) estimation of non-labelled public expenditure on drug policy. Finally, economic impact of illicit drug trade on GDP was analysed, and comparison of public expenditures on drug policy with total public expenditures was performed in a time series. Expected utilizers of the Workstream results are the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) in terms of the list of collected data; and the statistical office of the European Union (Eurostat) in terms of the financial indicators from drug market that should be included in national accounts by the national statistical offices. And of course, the results are available for other experts and policy makers for future research and decisions. The research report is written with the use of terminology from the field of drug policy makers, same as of national accountants, so that it is comprehensive to both groups of experts.